North Dakota
North Dakota's housing market exhibits steady, sustainable conditions characterized by moderate appreciation around 5 percent year-over-year and balanced inventory absorption. A median residential sale price near $300,000 and days on market around 52 days point to an orderly marketplace insulated from extreme speculative volatility. Sustained stability is underpinned by steady energy production, very low unemployment, and high regional housing affordability relative to national metrics.
Median prices moved up 5.3% year over year.
Homes spend a median of 52 days on market with 3.6 months of supply — a fast-moving market.
18% of listings have cut prices · homes sell at 98.4% of asking — demand is running ahead of supply.
unemployment 2.2% · poverty 10.7% — a stable, low-distress profile.
ACS 2024 5-year estimates. Aggregate published statistics for this state — never individual records, and never an attribute of any individual property or resident. Federal enforcement activity is presented only at the state tier as regional context — never imputed onto any county, city, ZIP, neighborhood or parcel beneath it.
North Dakota — researched statewide history with a deterministic 1 / 3 / 5-year projection
Solid: researched ten-year history · dotted: 1 / 3 / 5-year projection extended from the historical 3.2%/yr trend — a deterministic estimate, not a published forecast or guarantee.
The amenity base that shapes daily life and property demand in this state — what residents actually live with, and what the pipeline is adding.
Spanning over 70,000 acres in the western badlands, the park preserves vibrant multi-hued canyons, bison herds, and outdoor trails that embody the state's natural frontier identity.
One of the largest man-made reservoirs in the United States, offering premier freshwater fishing, boating, sailing, and shoreline camping across hundreds of miles of public shoreline.
Located on the Capitol grounds in Bismarck, this flagship cultural institution provides extensive natural history, paleontology, and regional heritage exhibits.
The primary indoor arena and stadium in the state, seating nearly 19,000 for NDSU Bison football championships, trade expos, and premier touring concerts.
North Dakota maintains overall violent and property crime rates moderately below the national baseline, though municipal centers like Fargo and Bismarck report isolated pockets of property and petty crime. Western oil-producing counties have seen transient shifts in law enforcement demands over the past decade, yet the state remains broadly ranked among the safer jurisdictions nationally.
The public school system across North Dakota is anchored by well-regarded districts such as Fargo Public Schools, West Fargo Public School District, and Bismarck Public Schools, characterized by favorable student-to-teacher ratios and graduation rates exceeding national medians. Rural districts face ongoing teacher staffing crunches, while consolidated regional facilities provide steady academic performance.
The primary natural hazards statewide are severe winter blizzards, sub-zero freeze exposure, convective summer storms producing large hail and damaging straight-line winds, and riverine flooding along the Red River of the North basin. The completed Fargo-Moorhead Area Diversion project substantially mitigates catastrophic flood insurance risks across the state's largest population corridor.
North Dakota's economic engine is driven by energy extraction in the Williston Basin/Bakken shale alongside value-added agriculture and expanding advanced tech and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) clusters in Grand Forks and Fargo. Major ongoing capital expenditures center on carbon capture, pipeline infrastructure, and agricultural processing facilities.
Composed from the ARED governance burden registry — tier-native tax structure (state + county + city + special districts), never averaged. Federal (United States (federal)) — Federal General Tax Lien Encumbrance: Under IRC § 6321, a statutory lien arises automatically as of the date of assessment and attaches to all real property owned or acquired by the taxpayer. Upon the IRS filing a Notice of Federal Tax Lien (NFTL) in local county land records under IRC § 6323, it perfects priority against subsequent pur Federal (United States (federal)) — Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA) Tax Withholding: Imposes an absolute statutory obligation on the transferee/buyer to withhold gross tax from the total amount realized (purchase price) upon disposition and remit it to the IRS within 20 days using Forms 8288 and 8288-A. Rate structure and formula: Base statutory withholding rate is 15% of the gross
Outdoor lifestyle assets include Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the Badlands, Lake Sakakawea, and extensive prairie trail networks offering world-class walleye fishing, waterfowl and upland game hunting, and camping. Metropolitan centers host park systems, golf facilities, and cultural venues such as the North Dakota Heritage Center & State Museum.
Rental occupancy remains tight in major hubs like Fargo, Grand Forks, and Bismarck, buoyed by collegiate populations and regional medical centers, with statewide median gross rents among the most affordable in the Upper Midwest. Western oil-patch rental dynamics experience moderate cyclicality linked to global hydrocarbon exploration activity.
The North Dakota economy rests upon four foundational pillars: agriculture (leading national production in durum wheat, canola, and pulses), energy extraction and refining in the Bakken formation, technology/UAS innovation, and regional healthcare systems. Growth is supported by substantial sovereign wealth reserves via the North Dakota Legacy Fund and persistently low statewide unemployment.
Interstate 94 connects east-west from Fargo through Bismarck to the Montana border, while Interstate 29 handles north-south logistics to Canada. Commercial air service operates via Hector International Airport in Fargo and Bismarck Municipal Airport, complemented by Amtrak's Empire Builder passenger line serving northern tier stations.
Statewide development planning emphasizes expanding municipal water infrastructure, grid transmission lines for renewable energy and baseline generation, and industrial parks catering to value-added ag processing and data center hosting.
Assessments are administered at the county and city assessor levels, reappraising properties annually against market transactions under oversight by the North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner to ensure equalization.
Local taxing districts include school districts, counties, organized townships, park districts, water resource districts, rural fire districts, and soil conservation districts, all contributing to the aggregate mill rate assessed on parcels.
North Dakota's homeowners property insurance sector remains functional and solvent, though loss frequency from severe winter freeze events and hail storms has contributed to steady single-digit premium adjustments. The market is not encumbered by the acute insurer-withdrawal pressures seen in Gulf Coast or Pacific Northwest wildfire zones.
Net domestic migration has remained relatively flat to marginally negative over recent census cycles, with outflows of young adults to larger Midwest metropolitan hubs offset by labor inflows into Western oil-field operations and regional service hubs in Cass County.
North Dakota is predominantly a judicial foreclosure state requiring lenders to file an action in district court; borrowers are afforded a statutory 30-day notice before foreclosure, with residential redemption periods typically ranging from 60 days to one year depending on the mortgage terms and abandoned property statutes.
North Dakota requires residential sellers to complete a standard written property disclosure statement disclosing all known material physical defects affecting the property, environmental hazards, and unpermitted alterations prior to entering a binding purchase contract.
Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau data.census.gov tables B01003, B01002, B25002, B25003, B25077, B25064, B19013, B25034, B08024, B08013, B15003, B23025, and B17001 for the State of North Dakota.
North Dakota's housing market exhibits steady, sustainable conditions characterized by moderate appreciation around 5 percent year-over-year and balanced inventory absorption. A median residential sale price near $300,000 and days on market around 52 days point to an orderly marketplace insulated from extreme speculative volatility. Sustained stability is underpinned by steady energy production, very low unemployment, and high regional housing affordability relative to national metrics.
applies when — The parcel contains covered multifamily residential dwellings designed and constructed for first occupancy after March 13, 1991 (defined as all dwelling units in buildings with 4 or more units with an elevator, or ground floor dwelling units in buildings with 4 or more units without an elevator).
Imposes mandatory physical structural criteria on the parcel improvements: (1) accessible building entrance on an accessible route, (2) accessible public and common use areas, (3) usable doors for wheelchairs, (4) accessible routes into and through each dwelling unit, (5) light switches, electrical outlets, and environmental controls in accessible locations, (6) reinforced bathroom walls for grab bar installation, and (7) usable kitchens and bathrooms permitting wheelchair maneuvering. Non-conforming improvements require mandatory structural retrofits and subject developers/owners to federal civil actions.
Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 3604(f)(3)(C)); HUD regulations at 24 CFR 100.205.
applies when — The parcel secures a residential mortgage originated before the property owner entered active military service, where the debt is enforced during or within one year after active military service.
Restricts lender foreclosure rights by nullifying any non-judicial foreclosure, sale, or seizure of the residential parcel without a court order or valid written waiver executed by the servicemember during or after active duty. Courts are empowered to stay foreclosure proceedings or adjust loan payments. Foreclosing without a court order constitutes a federal criminal misdemeanor and exposes the lender to civil damages.
50 U.S.C. 3953; codified originally as the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, modernized under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act of 2003 (Pub. L. 108-189).
applies when — The residential parcel is owned by a person or entity that has neglected or refused to pay any assessed federal tax liability (income, gift, estate, or payroll tax) after formal demand.
Under IRC § 6321, a statutory lien arises automatically as of the date of assessment and attaches to all real property owned or acquired by the taxpayer. Upon the IRS filing a Notice of Federal Tax Lien (NFTL) in local county land records under IRC § 6323, it perfects priority against subsequent purchasers, mortgagees, and judgment lien creditors. Rate and computation: The lien secures 100% of the underlying unpaid tax assessment, plus compounding interest under IRC § 6621 (the federal short-term rate plus 3 percentage points) and statutory late-payment penalties under IRC § 6651 (0.5% per month, up to a maximum cap of 25%). No parcel-level homestead exemption exists under federal law against an IRC § 7403 judicial foreclosure or tax collection lien.
Internal Revenue Code (IRC) §§ 6321, 6322, 6323.
applies when — The parcel is improved with target residential housing built before 1978 undergoing renovation, repair, or painting activities for compensation that disturb more than 6 sq. ft. of interior painted surface or 20 sq. ft. of exterior painted surface.
Legally prohibits uncertified contractors from performing qualifying physical alterations on the home. Contractors must be EPA-certified and adhere to specific lead-safe containment, containment plastic barriers, HEPA vacuuming, and cleaning verification protocols. Imposes strict recordkeeping burdens and exposes property alterations to federal administrative stop-work orders and civil fines for uncontained lead dust contamination.
Promulgated under TSCA § 402(c)(3) (15 U.S.C. 2682); codified at 40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E; fully effective April 22, 2010.
applies when — The parcel contains wetlands, streams, or waterways that meet the definition of 'Waters of the United States' (WOTUS) as delineated under the Clean Water Act.
Prohibits the discharge of dredged or fill material into jurisdictional wetlands or waters without a permit issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Restricts residential site grading, driveway installation, structural foundation expansion, or shoreline bulkheading; unauthorized fill mandates compulsory site restoration and subjects parcel owners to civil penalties exceeding $50,000 per day under 33 U.S.C. 1319.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act), 33 U.S.C. 1344; current delineation criteria governed in accordance with Sackett v. EPA (2023) and conforming federal rulemaking (40 CFR Part 120 / 33 CFR Part 328).
applies when — The residential parcel is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or lies within an eligible historic district, and involves an action subject to federal agency funding, permitting, licensing, or mortgage assistance (e.g., HUD/FHA, VA, USDA, or USACE permits).
Federal agencies must assess adverse effects on historic resources prior to approving loans, grants, or permits. Parcel alterations, demolitions, or rehabilitation programs that receive federal assistance are subjected to binding Section 106 consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) and must adhere to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, restricting unapproved structural modifications or exterior elevation changes.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (54 U.S.C. 306108, formerly 16 U.S.C. 470f); regulations codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
applies when — The parcel is being purchased or refinanced using FHA-insured Title II financing under the National Housing Act.
Restricts financing eligibility based on parcel and structural criteria: (1) County Loan Limits cap the maximum insurable mortgage balance per parcel based on local median housing costs (ranging from a federal statutory floor of 65% of the national conforming limit up to a statutory ceiling of 150%). (2) Imposes mandatory HUD Minimum Property Standards (MPS; HUD Handbook 4000.1 / 24 CFR Part 200) requiring mandatory appraisal repair escrows or seller cures for deficiencies regarding structural soundness, safety, soil stability, drainage, well/septic separation buffers, and lead paint encapsulation before loan endorsement.
National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1709); annual loan limit updates promulgated under the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA).
applies when — The parcel constitutes a U.S. Real Property Interest (USRPI) transferred or disposed of by a 'foreign person' (non-resident alien individual, foreign corporation, foreign partnership, or foreign trust/estate).
Imposes an absolute statutory obligation on the transferee/buyer to withhold gross tax from the total amount realized (purchase price) upon disposition and remit it to the IRS within 20 days using Forms 8288 and 8288-A. Rate structure and formula: Base statutory withholding rate is 15% of the gross sales price. Residential personal residence exemption computation: (1) If the gross sales price does not exceed $300,000 AND the buyer (or family member) intends to use the parcel as a personal residence for at least 50% of days used during each of the first two 12-month periods, the withholding rate is 0%. (2) If the gross sales price exceeds $300,000 but does not exceed $1,000,000 and meets the same personal residence test, the withholding rate is reduced to 10% of the gross sales price. (3) For all sales exceeding $1,000,000, or where the buyer does not satisfy the personal residence requir
Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 1445; enacted via the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, with standard rate increased from 10% to 15% pursuant to the PATH Act of 2015.
applies when — The parcel is improved with 'target housing,' defined as any residential dwelling constructed prior to 1978, except housing for the elderly or persons with disabilities (unless a child under age 6 resides or is expected to reside there) or 0-bedroom dwellings.
Before a purchaser or lessee becomes obligated under any contract to buy or lease, the seller or landlord must: (1) provide an EPA-approved lead hazard information pamphlet ('Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home'), (2) disclose any known lead-based paint or hazards and provide all available records/evaluations, (3) attach a federal Lead Warning Statement and disclosure certification to the contract, and (4) afford buyers a mandatory 10-day mutual inspection period (waivable in writing) to conduct a risk assessment. Failure to comply exposes violators to civil liability, statutory treble damages, and administrative penalties up to statutory maximums per violation.
Enacted under Title X of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 4852d), implemented jointly by EPA and HUD at 40 CFR Part 745 / 24 CFR Part 35.
applies when — The parcel contains an insurable improved structure or manufactured home located within a FEMA-designated Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA; 100-year floodplain / 1% annual chance of flood, Zones A or V) in a participating NFIP community, securing a loan made, increased, extended, or renewed by a federally regulated lender or federal agency lender.
Mandates the continuous purchase and maintenance of flood insurance coverage for the term of the mortgage in an amount at least equal to the lesser of: (1) the outstanding principal balance of the loan, (2) the maximum insurable value under the NFIP ($250,000 for residential 1–4 family structures), or (3) the maximum insurable replacement cost value of the structure. If the borrower fails to maintain coverage, the lender must force-place flood insurance at the borrower's expense.
Enacted under the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4012a), significantly strengthened by the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 and the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012.
Governance registry — every jurisdiction re-researches on a rolling 90-day cycle. Property reports compose these inherited burdens into a per-parcel ledger with conditional determinations. Informational only — not legal advice.
No recorded foreclosure notices for North Dakota yet. Counties ingest on the scheduled rotation — absence here reads as no recorded notices, not as verified zero distress.